Overview

Even in relatively simple applications, writing out the same types of database queries over and over can get tedious. To make things easier and your code DRYer, UserFrosting takes advantage of Laravel's excellent object-relation mapper, Eloquent.

Configuration

By default, UserFrosting creates a default database connection, and handles basic configuration through environment variables.

These values are, in turn, retrieved through the db key in your configuration files. For advanced database configuration, or to add additional database connections, you can directly override this key or subkeys in your Sprinkle's configuration file:

<?php

// In your custom config file
return [
    // ...

    'db' => [
        'default' => 'nestdb',
        'connections' => [
            'nestdb' => [
                'driver'    => 'sqlite',
                'host'      => env('NESTDB_HOST'),
                'database'  => env('NESTDB_NAME'),
                'username'  => env('NESTDB_USER'),
                'password'  => env('NESTDB_PASSWORD'),
                'charset'   => 'utf8',
                'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',
                'prefix'    => ''
            ]
        ],
    ],

    // ...
];

Data models

Eloquent works by having you define model classes. Generally speaking, each model maps to a table in your database. Interactions with the table are then handled through the corresponding model.

UserFrosting has already implemented all of the models needed for interacting with its default tables. These can be found in the src/Database/Models/ subdirectories of your sprinkles. Among the three default Sprinkles (core, account, and admin), UserFrosting implements:

• Migration
• Throttle
• Activity
• Group
• PasswordReset
• Permission
• Role
• User
• Verification

Using models

Eloquent implements an active record pattern, which means that it represents each row in a table as an instance of the corresponding model class.

Create

To insert a new row into a table, you create an instance of the corresponding object class and then call its save method:

<?php

use UserFrosting\Sprinkle\Account\Database\Models\User;

// ...

$user = new User([
    'user_name' => 'david',
    'first_name' => 'David',
    'last_name' => 'Attenborough',
    'email' => '[email protected]'
]);
$user->save();

Select

Records can be fetched from the database using Eloquent's sophisticated query builder. This is typically done by calling a static method on the corresponding model class:

<?php

use UserFrosting\Sprinkle\Account\Database\Models\User;

// ...

// Returns a Collection of User objects

$users = User::where('num_owls', '>', 2)->get();

// Iterate over the collection
foreach ($users as $user) {
    echo $user->first_name . "<br>";
}

The query builder allows us to "chain" various criteria for a query, generating and executing a (usually) single query at the end. For example, the method where() allows us to filter the user table by the value of a column. If we then chain this with the get() method, we'll get a collection of Users filtered by that criteria.

If our model implements a relationship, we can also fetch related models through the query builder:

<?php

use UserFrosting\Sprinkle\Account\Database\Models\User;

// ...

// Returns a Collection of User objects, each of which contains its own Collection of Owls

$users = User::with('owls')->get();

Now, each User's Owls can be accessed via $user->owls.

Update

To update a row, simply fetch it from the database, modify the desired properties of the object, and then call save() to update with the new values:

<?php

use UserFrosting\Sprinkle\Account\Database\Models\User;

// ...

$david = User::where('user_name', 'david')->first();
$david->email = '[email protected]';
$david->save();

Delete

Call delete on the active record object:

<?php

use UserFrosting\Sprinkle\Account\Database\Models\User;

// ...

$user = User::where('user_name', 'chuck703')->first();
$user->delete();

Advanced usage

We've only touched on the very basics of how Eloquent and the query builder works. You will likely want to learn how to define relationships between models, encapsulate longer queries, and perform more advanced queries, for example. For this, we urge you to spend some time reading through Laravel Eloquent excellent documentation.